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Agricultural Credit: Assessing the Use of Interest Rate Subsidies
Since the beginning of the 20th century, interest rate subsidies have been one of the tools used all around the world for developing agriculture, especially by major agricultural countries such as Fra...
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Cities in Climate Change Mitigation Policy
Based on an in-depth review of scientific and institutional literature, this document seeks to identify what urban measures contribute efficiently to low-carbon urban development. It focuses on the co...
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Facing Water Scarcity in the Mediterranean
Pressure on water resources has reached critical levels in many countries in the Mediterranean Basin. Sophisticated water mobilization strategies have been implemented but physical, financial and envi...
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Overextraction of Groundwater Resources: What Are The Solutions?
The amount of water extracted from aquifers worldwide has increased threefold in the past fifty years, leading to an aggravated overdraft of these common resources. This “pumping race” brings about ma...
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When Can Work Performed by Women Become a Factor in Their Empowerment? - Women‘s access to quality employment ...
The employment of women in Morocco, Tunisia and Turkey is not necessarily equated with financial, social and/or political empowerment. Though the three countries share striking similarities as regards...
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Sub-Saharan Africa's significant changes in food consumption patterns
Self-produced food amounts to less than half of the total food that people consume, and the provision of food is therefore largely reliant on market supply, in urban and rural areas alike; domestic fo...
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Nigeria: The Restrained Ambitions of Africa‘s Largest Economy
With 180 million inhabitants, Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa. Its economy is also the strongest. Just twice as large as France in size, its people are also very diverse: more than 250...
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Vulnerabilities to climate change in the French overseas territories and small island states
The Physical Vulnerability to Climate Change Index (PVCCI) measures the vulnerability of small island territories to the impacts of climate change, whether periodic (cyclones, droughts) or progressive...
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World Development Report - WDR 2015 - Progress and Limits
The innovative World Bank Report Mind, Society, and Behavior (WDR 2015) offers great prospects, focusing on the way in which human beings act according to the meaning they give to situations in which...
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Are the Cities of Sub-Saharan Africa so Dependent on Food Imports?
Prevalent in discussions of food provision issues in Western and Central Africa is the idea that urban centres in Western and Central Africa are dependent on food imports, and that urbanization is acc...
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Sahelian youth: dynamics of exclusion, means of integration
For twenty years now, the Sahel region has been marked by rising insecurity, political crises, and poorly controlled flows of people, arms and illegal goods, with a major risk of States becoming desta...
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Safety Nets in Africa : Effective Mechanisms to Reach the Poor and Most Vulnerable
The need for safety nets in Sub-Saharan Africa is vast. In addition to being the world‘s poorest region, Sub-Saharan Africa is also one of the most unequal. In this context, redistribution must be see...
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Shared Challenges for Development within ASEAN - Applied and Analytical Methods
The Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences (VASS), Agence Française de Développement (AFD), Global Development Network (GDN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD...
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Institutions, Development and Poverty
This paper explores the relationships between institutions, growth and poverty, presenting the multiplicity of the causal links connecting these three terms. There is currently a consensus that instit...
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AFD and its Partners - The Cultural Dimension
A development agency operating in a large number of countries and territories is faced with great cultural diversity. There are, of course, universal or almost universal expectations towards it. They...
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Aid for Trade in Developing Countries : Complex Linkages for Real Effectiveness
Aid for trade is intended to support the integration of developing countries into the world trading system. Although this form of aid is being hailed as a promising new development tool, it lacks the...
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Egyptian Industry since the Early 1970s: A History of Thwarted Development
The political will to promote industry in Egypt has thus been affirmed for many years, under a variety of strategies. To what extent has Egypt’s industrial performance matched the effort invested? Has...
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Vocational Training in the Informal Sector - Report on the BENIN Field Survey
This report is part of a study carried out by the AFD Research Department on vocational training in the informal sector in seven African countries, which are, in alphabetical order, South Africa, Ango...
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Vocational Training in the Informal Sector - Report on the Ethiopia Field Survey
This report is an integral part of the survey and analysis work launched by the Research Department of the French Development Agency (Agence Française de Développement, AFD) on training in the informa...
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Thailand: The World‘s Leading Exporter of Natural Rubber Owing to its Smallholders
Thailand is currently the world‘s leading exporter of natural rubber, accounting for 33% of the annual volume traded. In addition to its quantitative performance, the case of Thailand is noteworthy in...
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